The movement i. The primary places in the human body that you will find gliding joints are in the ankles, wrist, and spine. Below is a description of the different types of gliding joints.
There are several gliding joints located in the ankles. The main one located in the ankle is found where the two bones in the bottom part of your leg, the fibula and tibia, and the tarsal bones in your foot meet.
There are also other gliding joints located between the tarsal bones as well. There are even more gliding joints located in the wrist. The wrist is made up of two layers of carpal bones. The first layer of carpal bones, which sits closest to the fingers, is made up of the trapezoid, trapezium, hamate, and capitate bones.
The second layer of carpal bones, which sits closest to the bones in the forearm, is made up of the lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, and scaphoid bones.
Several gliding joints are located between all of these bones in order to allow the complex gliding joint movement made by the wrist. The zygapophyseal joints are the gliding joints that are located between the articular processes of the spine. These particular joints allow movement and stability in the spine. This page has been archived and is no longer updated. Find out more about page archiving. Prehistoric Life.
The mind The body. Nervous system. Brain Sex Sleep. If you can see the Flash movie then please ignore this message. Flexibility: Joints enable your body to move Ball and socket joints: Are the most mobile type of joint in your body Saddle joints: Enable you to grasp things.
Examples of abduction are moving the arms or legs laterally to lift them straight out to the side. Adduction is the movement of a bone toward the midline of the body. Movement of the limbs inward after abduction is an example of adduction.
Circumduction is the movement of a limb in a circular motion, as in moving the arm in a circular motion. Rotational movement is the movement of a bone as it rotates around its longitudinal axis. Rotation can be toward the midline of the body, which is referred to as medial rotation , or away from the midline of the body, which is referred to as lateral rotation.
Movement of the head from side to side is an example of rotation. Some movements that cannot be classified as gliding, angular, or rotational are called special movements. Inversion involves the soles of the feet moving inward, toward the midline of the body. Eversion is the opposite of inversion, movement of the sole of the foot outward, away from the midline of the body.
Protraction is the anterior movement of a bone in the horizontal plane. Retraction occurs as a joint moves back into position after protraction. Protraction and retraction can be seen in the movement of the mandible as the jaw is thrust outwards and then back inwards. Elevation is the movement of a bone upward, such as when the shoulders are shrugged, lifting the scapulae. Depression is the opposite of elevation—movement downward of a bone, such as after the shoulders are shrugged and the scapulae return to their normal position from an elevated position.
Dorsiflexion is a bending at the ankle such that the toes are lifted toward the knee. Plantar flexion is a bending at the ankle when the heel is lifted, such as when standing on the toes. Supination is the movement of the radius and ulna bones of the forearm so that the palm faces forward.
Pronation is the opposite movement, in which the palm faces backward. Opposition is the movement of the thumb toward the fingers of the same hand, making it possible to grasp and hold objects. Synovial joints are further classified into six different categories on the basis of the shape and structure of the joint. The shape of the joint affects the type of movement permitted by the joint Figure These joints can be described as planar, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, or ball-and-socket joints.
Planar joints have bones with articulating surfaces that are flat or slightly curved faces. These joints allow for gliding movements, and so the joints are sometimes referred to as gliding joints. The range of motion is limited in these joints and does not involve rotation. Planar joints are found in the carpal bones in the hand and the tarsal bones of the foot, as well as between vertebrae Figure In hinge joints , the slightly rounded end of one bone fits into the slightly hollow end of the other bone.
In this way, one bone moves while the other remains stationary, like the hinge of a door. The elbow is an example of a hinge joint. The knee is sometimes classified as a modified hinge joint Figure Pivot joints consist of the rounded end of one bone fitting into a ring formed by the other bone. This structure allows rotational movement, as the rounded bone moves around its own axis. An example of a pivot joint is the joint of the first and second vertebrae of the neck that allows the head to move back and forth Figure The joint of the wrist that allows the palm of the hand to be turned up and down is also a pivot joint.
Condyloid joints consist of an oval-shaped end of one bone fitting into a similarly oval-shaped hollow of another bone Figure This is also sometimes called an ellipsoidal joint. This type of joint allows angular movement along two axes, as seen in the joints of the wrist and fingers, which can move both side to side and up and down.
Saddle joints are so named because the ends of each bone resemble a saddle, with concave and convex portions that fit together. Saddle joints allow angular movements similar to condyloid joints but with a greater range of motion. An example of a saddle joint is the thumb joint, which can move back and forth and up and down, but more freely than the wrist or fingers Figure Ball-and-socket joints possess a rounded, ball-like end of one bone fitting into a cuplike socket of another bone. This organization allows the greatest range of motion, as all movement types are possible in all directions.
Examples of ball-and-socket joints are the shoulder and hip joints Figure Watch this animation showing the six types of synovial joints. Rheumatologists are medical doctors who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the joints, muscles, and bones. They diagnose and treat diseases such as arthritis, musculoskeletal disorders, osteoporosis, and autoimmune diseases such as ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatoid arthritis.
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