Cleveland Clinic. The Cleveland Clinic is a go-to source for Everyday Health editors, and their page on NPD provides a wealth of helpful info for understanding this mental health condition. Mayo Clinic. Another trusted source, the Mayo Clinic covers all of the basics of NPD — symptoms, diagnosis, treatment — as well as what to expect from and what questions to ask your mental health provider.
Merck Manual. For up-to-date and in-depth coverage on just about any given medical issue, check out the Merck Manual. NPD along with other personality disorders. For each topic, they offer patient education materials along with a professional version on the subject for healthcare providers. Out of the Fog. Out of the Fog is an online community for family members and loved ones of those with personality disorders. In addition to resources about personality disorders and how to cope with the challenges, it offers a discussion forum with a range of relevant topics.
By subscribing you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Health Topics. Health Tools. Emotional Health. Reviewed: December 7, Medically Reviewed. Overtly, people with NPD demonstrate extreme confidence, crave attention, and show little empathy for other people.
However, underneath this facade of confidence, they typically suffer from vulnerable self-esteem that requires constant validation, accompanied by feelings of sadness or inadequacy and an inability to form lasting relationships, notes the Mayo Clinic. Someone diagnosed with narcissism tends to exhibit certain of the following traits in a way that suggests they think they are superior:.
Studies have distinguished between grandiose and vulnerable, or hypersensitive, narcissism, not as distinct traits but as manifestations of the same phenomenon. Not everyone diagnosed with narcissism will have the same symptoms, notes the Mayo Clinic.
Signs of narcissism may include these feelings or actions:. People with narcissism also have a very hard time accepting criticism, which can result in difficulties at work and in relationships.
Often, including family members or significant others in therapy can be helpful. There are no medications specifically used to treat narcissistic personality disorder. However, if you have symptoms of depression, anxiety or other conditions, medications such as antidepressants or anti-anxiety drugs may be helpful.
You may feel defensive about treatment or think it's unnecessary. The nature of narcissistic personality disorder can also leave you feeling that therapy is not worth your time and attention, and you may be tempted to quit. But it's important to:. You may start by seeing your doctor, or your doctor may refer you to a mental health provider, such as a psychiatrist or psychologist. Take a trusted family member or friend along, if possible, to help remember the details.
In addition, someone who has known you for a long time may be able to ask helpful questions or share important information. To better understand your symptoms and how they're affecting your life, your mental health provider may ask:.
Unsupported Browser! This website will offer limited functionality in this browser. We only support the recent versions of major browsers like Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Edge. Narcissistic personality disorder. Overview Narcissistic personality disorder — one of several types of personality disorders — is a mental condition in which people have an inflated sense of their own importance, a deep need for excessive attention and admiration, troubled relationships, and a lack of empathy for others.
Treatment for narcissistic personality disorder centers around talk therapy psychotherapy. Symptoms Signs and symptoms of narcissistic personality disorder and the severity of symptoms vary. Causes It's not known what causes narcissistic personality disorder. Risk factors Narcissistic personality disorder affects more males than females, and it often begins in the teens or early adulthood.
Complications Complications of narcissistic personality disorder, and other conditions that can occur along with it, can include: Relationship difficulties Problems at work or school Depression and anxiety Physical health problems Drug or alcohol misuse Suicidal thoughts or behavior.
Prevention Because the cause of narcissistic personality disorder is unknown, there's no known way to prevent the condition.
However, it may help to: Get treatment as soon as possible for childhood mental health problems Participate in family therapy to learn healthy ways to communicate or to cope with conflicts or emotional distress Attend parenting classes and seek guidance from therapists or social workers if needed.
Diagnosis Some features of narcissistic personality disorder are similar to those of other personality disorders. Diagnosis of narcissistic personality disorder typically is based on: Signs and symptoms A physical exam to make sure you don't have a physical problem causing your symptoms A thorough psychological evaluation that may include filling out questionnaires Criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-5 , published by the American Psychiatric Association.
Treatment Treatment for narcissistic personality disorder is talk therapy psychotherapy. Keep in mind that, although some children may show traits of narcissism, this may simply be typical of their age and doesn't mean they'll go on to develop narcissistic personality disorder. Although the cause of narcissistic personality disorder isn't known, some researchers think that in biologically vulnerable children, parenting styles that are overprotective or neglectful may have an impact.
Genetics and neurobiology also may play a role in development of narcissistic personality disorder. Complications of narcissistic personality disorder, and other conditions that can occur along with it, can include:.
Because the cause of narcissistic personality disorder is unknown, there's no known way to prevent the condition. However, it may help to:.
Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. This content does not have an English version. This content does not have an Arabic version. Overview Narcissistic personality disorder — one of several types of personality disorders — is a mental condition in which people have an inflated sense of their own importance, a deep need for excessive attention and admiration, troubled relationships, and a lack of empathy for others.
Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic. They may not be able to admit they have done anything wrong, and can get very angry if their orders or directions are not followed by others. People with NPD are at increased risk of using drugs and alcohol and withdrawing socially.
They may have feelings of deep insecurity beneath an arrogant exterior. With effective treatment, it is possible for people to learn to change their behaviours and have more positive relationships. As with many personality disorders , the exact cause of NPD is unknown. It is probably a mixture of genes, early childhood experiences and psychological factors. Although there is no one answer to the question of what causes NPD, professionals agree that the sooner treatment begins, the better a person's chance for an improved quality of life.
It can be difficult for someone with NPD to seek treatment since they generally do not recognise they have a problem. The first step to recovery is for the person with NPD to become aware that their behaviour is affecting their life and relationships. You should seek help if you or someone you know has the symptoms above and is struggling to manage their relationships or their lives.
Signs you should see a doctor are:. If you or someone you know has NPD and you think there is any immediate danger of suicide, then please call triple zero and ask for an ambulance.
A doctor will do an initial mental health assessment and may carry out physical examinations to ensure no physical illness is causing the symptoms. There is no specific test for NPD.
For a diagnosis of NPD, people must have at least 5 of the following criteria:. The doctor will talk to the person, get to know them and ask some questions to understand their history and how severe the symptoms are. Sometimes it may take weeks or months to be diagnosed.
If you have NPD traits and no other cause is found, the doctor may refer to a psychiatrist or psychologist to help draw up a mental health care plan. Psychotherapy , or talking to a therapist, is the most useful treatment approach, although more research is required to determine the most effective therapies.
The aim is to develop a more realistic self-image and enable the person to relate to others more positively.
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