The words signified an association with harsh realities—unpleasant odours, tales of tragedy and violence, erratic relationships, crushed aspirations, racial strife—and flights of imagination that expressed unsettling yet undeniable truths about life. Brown and others, such as Sly and the Family Stone , began to use funk rhythms as their musical foundation while their lyrics took on themes of urgent social commentary.
In the early s funk became the musical standard for bands such as the Ohio Players and Kool and the Gang and soul singers such as the Temptations and Stevie Wonder , its driving beat accompanied by lush, melodic arrangements and potent, thoughtful lyrics. Many instruments may be incorporated into funk rock, but the overall sound is defined by a definitive bass or drum beat and electric guitars.
The bass and drum rhythms are influenced by funk music but with more intensity, while the guitar can be funk-or-rock-influenced, usually with distortion. The term "avant-funk" has been used to describe acts who combined funk with art rock 's concerns. Talking Heads combined funk with elements of post-punk and art rock. Go-go originated in the Washington, D. Inspired by singers such as Chuck Brown , the "Godfather of Go-go", it is a blend of funk, rhythm and blues , and early hip hop , with a focus on lo-fi percussion instruments and in-person jamming in place of dance tracks.
As such, it is primarily a dance music with an emphasis on live audience call and response. Go-go rhythms are also incorporated into street percussion. Boogie or electro-funk is an electronic music mainly influenced by funk and post-disco. The minimalist approach of boogie, consisting of synthesizers and keyboards, helped to establish electro and house music.
Boogie, unlike electro, emphasises the slapping techniques of bass guitar but also bass synthesizers. Electro funk is a hybrid of electronic music and funk.
It essentially follows the same form as funk, and retains funk's characteristics, but is made entirely or partially with a use of electronic instruments such as the TR Vocoders or talkboxes were commonly implemented to transform the vocals.
The pioneering Electro band Zapp commonly used such instruments in their music. Funk metal sometimes typeset differently such as funk-metal is a fusion genre of music which emerged in the s, as part of the alternative metal movement. It typically incorporates elements of funk and heavy metal often thrash metal , and in some cases other styles, such as punk and experimental music. It features hard-driving heavy metal guitar riffs, the pounding bass rhythms characteristic of funk, and sometimes hip hop -style rhymes into an alternative rock approach to songwriting.
A primary example is the all-African-American rock band Living Colour , who have been said to be "funk-metal pioneers" by Rolling Stone.
G-funk is a fusion genre of music which combines gangsta rap and funk. It is generally considered to have been invented by west coast rappers and made famous by Dr. It incorporates multi-layered and melodic synthesizers, slow hypnotic grooves, a deep bass, background female vocals, the extensive sampling of P-Funk tunes, and a high-pitched portamento saw wave synthesizer lead.
Unlike other earlier rap acts that also utilized funk samples such as EPMD and the Bomb Squad , G-funk often used fewer, unaltered samples per song. Timba is a form of funky Cuban popular dance music. By , several Cuban bands had incorporated elements of funk and hip-hop into their arrangements, and expanded upon the instrumentation of the traditional conjunto with American drum set, saxophones and a two-keyboard format. While many funk motifs exhibit a clave -based structure, they are created intuitively, without a conscious intent of aligning the various parts to a guide-pattern.
Timba incorporates funk motifs into an overt and intentional clave structure. Along with the Cuban congas and timbales, the drum set provided powerful clave-based funk patterns that added more punch to the rhythm section.
Funk is especially evident in timba's breakdown sections. Timba bass players incorporated techniques associated with funk, such as slapping, and pulling the strings in a percussive way. The following excerpt demonstrates several funk characteristics of timba bass.
Funk jam is a fusion genre of music which emerged in the s. It typically incorporates elements of funk and often exploratory guitar, along with extended cross genre improvisations; often including elements of jazz , ambient , electronic , Americana , and hip hop including improvised lyrics. Pop Culture Wiki Explore. Wiki Content. Recent blog posts Forum. Explore Wikis Community Central. Register Don't have an account?
Edit source History Talk 0. Africa and the Blues. Rock and Roll: An Introduction. John quoted by Stewart Understanding Clave and Clave Changes p. Modern Drummer Magazine , pp. Retrieved January 21, James Brown. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture.
Retrieved January 12, James Brown, the "Godfather of Soul" dies at The New York Times. Retrieved January 31, Jazz trumpeter Miles Davis, one of the most acclaimed jazz figures of the 20 th century, decided to release a jazz-funk album in the s, like so many other jazz artists. He wrote it during the summer of and released it later that same year. It was an attempt to recapture his young black audience, who were turning to funk and rock instead of jazz.
There is also heavy funk drumming and a funky groove played on the bass. In addition to the blend of jazz and funk, some groups began to develop a funk-rock style. The two bands of singer George Clinton, Funkadelic and Parliament, started experimenting with jazz and psychedelic rock in their funk music.
These two bands are often referred to together as Parliament-Funkadelic, because they shared many band members. The P-Funk groups became quite popular in the s, due to their exciting new brand of funk and their live performances.
Starting in the s, samples of P-Funk were also incorporate throughout many rap and hip-hop songs, including Dr. Disco music was heavily influenced by funk. Many of the disco hits of that time were sung by artists who started off in funk. Electronic instruments, drum machines, and of course, synthesizers, began to trickle into funk music in the s.
Saxophones and trumpets were given less time in the lime light of songs, and synth keyboards became popular instead. Synth keyboards were also used for the bass lines that were originally played on bass. In , the band Yellow Magic Orchestra became the first band to use the programmable drum machine known as a TR Rick James was another artist of the time experimenting with synthesizer funk. Prince was another icon of the s, writing adventurous music with sexual themes and funky instrumentation.
He would spend the rest of his days institutionalized. His sound was raucous, earthy, and designed to make people move.
Sound familiar? After demeaning service in the U. Army in WWII—like most African-American servicemen, he was relegated to secondary support tasks for white infantrymen—he returned to New Orleans where he studied percussion. He would go on to play on literally thousands of recording sessions; his union recorded him cutting in alone. But most of all, Earl Palmer would bring the funk.
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